Im Projekt ging es um die Untersuchung des postsowjetischen Landnutzungswandels am Beispiel der russischen Teilrepublik Baschkortostan. Analysiert wurden hierbei neben den Steuergrößen der Landnutzung vor allem die Auswirkungen der Landnutzungsänderung in Intensität und Dynamik auf die Bodendegradation und den Bodenwasserhaushalt.
Teilprojektleitung:
- Manfred Frühauf
Team:
Teilprojektpartner:
- Baschkirische Staatliche Universität Ufa (BSU)
- Baschkirische Staatliche Agraruniversität Ufa (BSAU)
- Luft- und Raumfahrtuniversität Ufa (mittlerweile Teil der der BSU)
- Russische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Institut für Biologie, Bodenkundliches Labor (RAS)
Hintergrund und Ziele:
- Änderung der sozioökonomischen Rahmenbedingungen nach dem Zusammenbruch der Sowjetunion führt zu einem Wandel der agrarischen Landnutzung in Art und Intensität in den landwirtschaftlich und ökologisch bedeutenden russischen Schwarzerdegebieten
- zu den Erscheinungsformen des Landnutzungswandels in vielen Regionen Russlands, seinen Steuergrößen und den geoökologischen Folgen besteht es in der internationalen Wissenschaftscommunity immer noch ein Wissensdefizit
- Ziel des Projektes ist ein besseres Verständnis für das Ursache-Wirkungsgefüge: agrarischer Landnutzungswandel – Bodenentwicklung und Degradation – Ertragspotential zur Entwicklung ökologisch und agrarökonomisch nachhaltiger Nutzungskonzepte
Methodischer Ansatz:
- Untersuchung des Bodenwasserregimes (Oberflächenabfluss und Infiltration) während der Schneeschmelze auf unterschiedlich bewirtschafteten Abflussplots mittels Feldmesstechnik
- Bodenfeuchtemessungen mittels stationärer und mobiler FDR-Sonden auf unterschiedlich intensiv bearbeiteten Versuchsflächen
- Laboruntersuchungen zu physikalischen und chemischen Bodenparametern
- Interviewkampagnen zu den landwirtschaftlichen Bewirtschaftungsformen und Motiven mit Landwirten in der Region
- geostatistische Analyse von Steuergrößen regionaler Landnutzungsentscheidungen
Ergebnisse:
- detaillierte Analyse des postsowjetischen Landnutzungswandels und seiner Steuergrößen in der baschkirischen Steppe- und Waldsteppe
- Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher Bodenbearbeitungskonzepte auf physikalische und chemische Bodenparameter sowie den Bodenwasserhaushalt
- Bewertung unterschiedlicher Bodenbewirtschaftungsformen unter Berücksichtigung des Klimawandels aus ökologischer und agrarökonomischer Perspektive
Publikationen:
2355391
MDLREVTX
VWBASCHKORTOSTAN
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Liebelt, P., Frühauf, M., Suleymanov, R., Komissarov, M., Yumaguzhina, D. and Galimova, R. (2016) Ursachen, Folgen Und Chancen Des Postsowjetischen Landnutzungswandels InderWaldsteppenzone Baschkortostans. GEO-ÖKO, Göttingen.
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Gabbasova, I., Frühauf, M., Khabirov, I., Suleymanov, R. and Liebelt, P. (2014) Changes in the Properties of Eroded Soils in a Long Time Period. In: Zlatic, M. and Kostadinov, S., Eds., Challenges: Sustainable Land Management - Climate Change, 359. https://www.schweizerbart.de/publications/detail/isbn/9783510653812.
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Gabbasova, I., Suleymanov, R., Khabirov, I., Liebelt, P., Komissarov, M., Gimaletdinova, G. and Khamatshin, A. (2013) Effect of Tillage on the Properties of Eroded Chernozem Leached. IzvestiyaSamarskogo Nauchnogo Centra Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, 1241–1245.